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JLPT N3Point 165 of 169 in N3

そのうえ/しかも

そのうえ/しかも

moreover / on top of that

そのうえ and しかも add one more point on top of what was just said. The two points go in the same direction: good + good, or bad + bad. そのうえ sounds a little formal and is common in writing. しかも puts more stress on the added point and is often used when that point is surprising or especially important.

このアパートは駅から近い。そのうえ、家賃も安い。

このアパートはえきからちかい。そのうえ、やちんもやすい。

This apartment is close to the station. On top of that, the rent is cheap too.

Structure

Sentence A。そのうえ/しかも、sentence B。 Both are conjunctions at the start of the second sentence, and B often contains も. しかも is also often used inside one sentence after the て-form of an adjective or で: い-adjective 〜くて、しかも (安くて、しかも), な-adjective / noun + で、しかも (便利で、しかも / 医者で、しかも).

Examples

7
  • 今日は朝から雨が降っていました。そのうえ、風も強かったです。

    きょうはあさからあめがふっていました。そのうえ、かぜもつよかったです。

    It had been raining since the morning today. On top of that, the wind was strong too.

  • あの店の料理は安くて、しかもおいしい。

    あのみせのりょうりはやすくて、しかもおいしい。

    The food at that restaurant is cheap, and delicious too.

  • リンさんは日本語が上手で、しかも英語も話せます。

    リンさんはにほんごがじょうずで、しかもえいごもはなせます。

    Linh is good at Japanese, and what's more, she can speak English too.

  • この部屋は狭い。そのうえ、窓もない。

    このへやはせまい。そのうえ、まどもない。

    This room is small. On top of that, it doesn't even have a window.

  • 「兄が試験に合格したんです。」「しかも、一回目で合格したんですか。」

    「あにがしけんにごうかくしたんです。」「しかも、いっかいめでごうかくしたんですか。」

    'My brother passed the exam.' 'And on his first try, too?'

  • 彼は医者で、しかも有名な作家だ。

    かれはいしゃで、しかもゆうめいなさっかだ。

    He is a doctor, and a famous writer as well.

Common mistakes

2
  • Joining two points that go in opposite directions. そのうえ and しかも add a point of the same kind; for a contrast use でも or しかし. ✗ この店は安い。しかも、まずい → ✓ この店は安い。でも、まずい.
  • Using そのうえ or しかも to show a result. They add a point; they do not say 'so'. ✗ おなかがすいた。そのうえ、パンを食べた → ✓ おなかがすいた。それで、パンを食べた.

How it's different from similar grammar

2
それに (besides)
All three add a point of the same kind. それに is the most casual and is very common when you list reasons in conversation: 今日は疲れたし、それに雨だから、家にいるよ (I'm tired today, and besides it's raining, so I'll stay home). そのうえ sounds more formal and is common in writing. しかも stresses the added point most strongly, often because it is surprising.
〜だけでなく (not only ... but also)
〜だけでなく puts both points in one sentence and comes right after the first point: この店はパンだけでなく、ケーキもおいしい (At this shop, not only the bread but also the cakes are delicious). そのうえ and しかも come at the start of the added part, after the first sentence is complete: この店はパンがおいしい。そのうえ、ケーキもおいしい. The meaning is similar, but the position in the sentence is different.

How this shows up on the JLPT

In N3 'grammar in a passage' questions, you often choose between そのうえ/しかも, ところが, それで and ところで. Check whether the second sentence adds a point in the same direction as the first. Also look for も in the second sentence (家賃も, 英語も): it is a strong signal for そのうえ or しかも. In sentence-building questions, remember the pattern 〜くて、しかも〜 / 〜で、しかも〜.

Quick check (3 questions)

0 of 3 answered
  1. Choose the word that fits the blank: このホテルは部屋がきれいだ。__、朝ごはんも無料だ。

    このホテルはへやがきれいだ。__、あさごはんもむりょうだ。

  2. Which sentence uses しかも correctly?

  3. In which sentence does そのうえ fit the blank?

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N3 · 165 / 169