〜に比べて/〜と比べて
にくらべて/とくらべて
Compared with / compared to
〜に比べて names the thing you use as a standard, and the sentence then says how something else is different from it. It is often used for changes over time (去年に比べて, 先月に比べて) and for differences between places or people. に比べて and と比べて have almost the same meaning. It sounds a little more formal than より.
今年の夏は、去年に比べて暑いです。
ことしのなつは、きょねんにくらべてあついです。
This summer is hotter than last year's.
Structure
Noun + に比べて / と比べて. Also: に比べると / と比べると, and the written form に比べ. Verb (plain form) + の + に比べて: 自分で作るのに比べて. The usual order is 'A は B に比べて ...' or 'B に比べて、A は ...', and the rest of the sentence says how A is different (more, less, better, worse).
Examples
8
兄と比べて、弟はあまり話さない。
あにとくらべて、おとうとはあまりはなさない。
Compared with the older brother, the younger brother doesn't talk much.
東京に比べると、大阪は物が安いですか。
とうきょうにくらべると、おおさかはものがやすいですか。
Compared with Tokyo, are things cheaper in Osaka?
前の会社と比べて、今の会社は休みが多い。
まえのかいしゃとくらべて、いまのかいしゃはやすみがおおい。
Compared with my old company, my current company gives more days off.
先月に比べて、お客さんの数が少し増えました。
せんげつにくらべて、おきゃくさんのかずがすこしふえました。
Compared with last month, the number of customers went up a little.
バスで行くのに比べて、電車で行くほうがずっと速いです。
バスでいくのにくらべて、でんしゃでいくほうがずっとはやいです。
Compared with going by bus, going by train is much faster.
子どものころと比べて、体が弱くなった気がする。
こどものころとくらべて、からだがよわくなったきがする。
I feel my body has gotten weaker compared with when I was a child.
この町は、都会に比べると静かで、生活しやすい。
このまちは、とかいにくらべるとしずかで、せいかつしやすい。
Compared with a big city, this town is quiet and easy to live in.
Common mistakes
2
- Putting に比べて directly after a verb. ✗ 自分で作るに比べて → ✓ 自分で作るのに比べて. A verb needs の first so that it works like a noun. This の + に is not the のに that means 'even though'.
- Mixing up に比べて with を比べる. When you actually compare two things, 比べる takes を: ✓ 両方のくつを比べて、どちらがいいか考えた. に比べて / と比べて only names the standard, and then the sentence says how something is different: ✓ このくつは、あのくつに比べて軽い. ✗ 両方のくつに比べて、どちらがいいか考えた.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- A は B より (than)
- Both can say the same thing: 今年は去年より雨が多い and 去年に比べて、今年は雨が多い both mean 'this year there is more rain than last year'. より is the basic word for 'than' and is used everywhere. に比べて sounds a little more formal and is common in news and reports about changes (prices, numbers, weather). With に比べて, the standard often comes first, followed by 、.
- 〜と違って (unlike)
- に比べて compares two things on the same scale, so it goes well with words like 少し, ずっと and もっと: 兄に比べて、弟は少し背が高い (both are tall to some degree; the younger one is a little taller). と違って says that A and B are different in kind: 兄と違って、弟はスポーツが好きだ (the older brother does not like sports, but the younger one does).
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N3 grammar questions, 〜に比べて is often tested against を比べて, と違って and より. Check two things: is the word before it a noun (or a verb + の)? And does the rest of the sentence state a difference in degree? In sentence-ordering questions, remember 'B に比べて、A は + adjective'. In reading passages, 〜に比べて often introduces a change: 去年に比べて、〜が増えた / 減った.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the words that fit the blank: 駅の近くのスーパーは、ほかの店__、野菜が安い。
えきのちかくのスーパーは、ほかのみせ__、やさいがやすい。
Which sentence is correct?
Choose the words that fit the blank: 去年と今年の写真__、子どもの成長にびっくりした。
きょねんとことしのしゃしん__、こどものせいちょうにびっくりした。
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