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JLPT N3Point 41 of 169 in N3

まるで〜ようだ/〜みたいだ

まるで〜ようだ/みたいだ

Just like / as if (simile)

This pattern compares something to a thing that it is not: 'it is just like ...', 'it is as if ...'. まるで makes the comparison strong and tells the listener that it is only a comparison, not a fact. みたいだ is casual and used in conversation; ようだ is also used in writing. Note that まるで + negative (まるで分からない) is a different use that means 'not at all'.

彼女の手は冷たくて、まるで氷のようです。

かのじょのてはつめたくて、まるでこおりのようです。

Her hands are cold, just like ice.

Structure

まるで + noun + の + ようだ / まるで + noun + みたいだ (no の). まるで + verb plain form (often ている or た) + ようだ / みたいだ. Before a noun: 〜ような / 〜みたいな + noun. Before a verb or adjective: 〜ように / 〜みたいに. This simile is used mainly with nouns and verbs.

Examples

8
  • この犬は、まるで人の言葉が分かるみたいだ。

    このいぬは、まるでひとのことばがわかるみたいだ。

    It's as if this dog understands human language.

  • 試験に合格して、まるで夢を見ているようだ。

    しけんにごうかくして、まるでゆめをみているようだ。

    I passed the exam, and it feels just as if I'm dreaming.

  • リンさんは、まるで日本人のように日本語を話します。

    リンさんは、まるでにほんじんのようににほんごをはなします。

    Linh speaks Japanese just like a Japanese person.

  • 田中さんの部屋は、まるでホテルみたいにきれいでした。

    たなかさんのへやは、まるでホテルみたいにきれいでした。

    Mr. Tanaka's room was as clean as a hotel room.

  • もう4月なのに、今日はまるで冬に戻ったような寒さですね。

    もうしがつなのに、きょうはまるでふゆにもどったようなさむさですね。

    It's already April, but today it's so cold that it's as if winter has come back.

  • あの二人、まるで兄弟みたいじゃない?

    あのふたり、まるできょうだいみたいじゃない?

    Don't those two look just like brothers?

  • 彼はまるで何も知らないような顔をしている。

    かれはまるでなにもしらないようなかおをしている。

    He has a look on his face as if he knows nothing at all.

Common mistakes

3
  • Mixing up the connection after a noun. ✕ まるで氷ようだ ✕ まるで氷のみたいだ ✕ まるで氷だみたいだ → ○ まるで氷のようだ ○ まるで氷みたいだ. ようだ needs の after a noun; みたいだ takes nothing.
  • Using まるで for a real guess. If the ground is wet and you think it really rained, say 雨が降ったようだ, without まるで. まるで is used only when you compare with something that is not true: a person who speaks like a teacher but is not one is まるで先生のようだ.
  • Mixing up ような and ように. ✕ まるで子どものような泣いた → ○ まるで子どものように泣いた. ✕ まるで絵のようにけしきだ → ○ まるで絵のようなけしきだ. Use ような before a noun, and ように before a verb or adjective.

How it's different from similar grammar

2
〜ようだ (a guess from what you notice)
The form is the same, but the meaning is different. As a guess, the speaker thinks it is probably true: 外は雨が降っているようだ (It seems to be raining outside — I can hear it). As a simile, the speaker knows it is not true: シャワーの音は、まるで雨が降っているようだ (The sound of the shower is just like rain falling). まるで goes only with the simile; for a guess, どうやら or どうも is used.
〜らしい (typical of what it really is)
Noun + らしい is used when the person or thing really is that noun and shows its typical qualities: あの子は子どもらしい (That child is just as a child should be — she is a child). まるで + noun + のようだ is used when it is NOT that noun: あの人は大人なのに、まるで子どものようだ (That person is an adult, but is just like a child).

How this shows up on the JLPT

In N3 grammar-choice questions, the blank is often the adverb: when the sentence ends in ようだ or みたいだ and compares two different things, choose まるで, not たぶん, もし, or ぜひ. The connection is also tested: noun + の + ようだ but noun + みたいだ, and ような + noun but ように + verb. In sentence-ordering questions, まるで comes before the thing used for comparison. In reading, まるで tells you that what follows is not a fact.

Quick check (3 questions)

0 of 3 answered
  1. Choose the form that fits the blank: このパンは固くて、まるで石__。

    このパンはかたくて、まるでいし__。

  2. In which sentence is ようだ a simile (a comparison with something that is not true), not a guess?

  3. Which sentence is correct?

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N3 · 41 / 169