まるで〜ようだ/〜みたいだ
まるで〜ようだ/みたいだ
Just like / as if (simile)
This pattern compares something to a thing that it is not: 'it is just like ...', 'it is as if ...'. まるで makes the comparison strong and tells the listener that it is only a comparison, not a fact. みたいだ is casual and used in conversation; ようだ is also used in writing. Note that まるで + negative (まるで分からない) is a different use that means 'not at all'.
彼女の手は冷たくて、まるで氷のようです。
かのじょのてはつめたくて、まるでこおりのようです。
Her hands are cold, just like ice.
Structure
まるで + noun + の + ようだ / まるで + noun + みたいだ (no の). まるで + verb plain form (often ている or た) + ようだ / みたいだ. Before a noun: 〜ような / 〜みたいな + noun. Before a verb or adjective: 〜ように / 〜みたいに. This simile is used mainly with nouns and verbs.
Examples
8
この犬は、まるで人の言葉が分かるみたいだ。
このいぬは、まるでひとのことばがわかるみたいだ。
It's as if this dog understands human language.
試験に合格して、まるで夢を見ているようだ。
しけんにごうかくして、まるでゆめをみているようだ。
I passed the exam, and it feels just as if I'm dreaming.
リンさんは、まるで日本人のように日本語を話します。
リンさんは、まるでにほんじんのようににほんごをはなします。
Linh speaks Japanese just like a Japanese person.
田中さんの部屋は、まるでホテルみたいにきれいでした。
たなかさんのへやは、まるでホテルみたいにきれいでした。
Mr. Tanaka's room was as clean as a hotel room.
もう4月なのに、今日はまるで冬に戻ったような寒さですね。
もうしがつなのに、きょうはまるでふゆにもどったようなさむさですね。
It's already April, but today it's so cold that it's as if winter has come back.
あの二人、まるで兄弟みたいじゃない?
あのふたり、まるできょうだいみたいじゃない?
Don't those two look just like brothers?
彼はまるで何も知らないような顔をしている。
かれはまるでなにもしらないようなかおをしている。
He has a look on his face as if he knows nothing at all.
Common mistakes
3
- Mixing up the connection after a noun. ✕ まるで氷ようだ ✕ まるで氷のみたいだ ✕ まるで氷だみたいだ → ○ まるで氷のようだ ○ まるで氷みたいだ. ようだ needs の after a noun; みたいだ takes nothing.
- Using まるで for a real guess. If the ground is wet and you think it really rained, say 雨が降ったようだ, without まるで. まるで is used only when you compare with something that is not true: a person who speaks like a teacher but is not one is まるで先生のようだ.
- Mixing up ような and ように. ✕ まるで子どものような泣いた → ○ まるで子どものように泣いた. ✕ まるで絵のようにけしきだ → ○ まるで絵のようなけしきだ. Use ような before a noun, and ように before a verb or adjective.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- 〜ようだ (a guess from what you notice)
- The form is the same, but the meaning is different. As a guess, the speaker thinks it is probably true: 外は雨が降っているようだ (It seems to be raining outside — I can hear it). As a simile, the speaker knows it is not true: シャワーの音は、まるで雨が降っているようだ (The sound of the shower is just like rain falling). まるで goes only with the simile; for a guess, どうやら or どうも is used.
- 〜らしい (typical of what it really is)
- Noun + らしい is used when the person or thing really is that noun and shows its typical qualities: あの子は子どもらしい (That child is just as a child should be — she is a child). まるで + noun + のようだ is used when it is NOT that noun: あの人は大人なのに、まるで子どものようだ (That person is an adult, but is just like a child).
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N3 grammar-choice questions, the blank is often the adverb: when the sentence ends in ようだ or みたいだ and compares two different things, choose まるで, not たぶん, もし, or ぜひ. The connection is also tested: noun + の + ようだ but noun + みたいだ, and ような + noun but ように + verb. In sentence-ordering questions, まるで comes before the thing used for comparison. In reading, まるで tells you that what follows is not a fact.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the form that fits the blank: このパンは固くて、まるで石__。
このパンはかたくて、まるでいし__。
In which sentence is ようだ a simile (a comparison with something that is not true), not a guess?
Which sentence is correct?
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