〜らしい(典型)
らしい
Typical of / just like a real ...
Noun + らしい says that a person or thing has the qualities that people expect from that noun. The person or thing really is that noun: 春らしい天気 is said in spring, and 子どもらしい is said about a child. It usually sounds positive. The negative 〜らしくない means 'not like what we expect from ...', as in 田中さんらしくない (that's not like Mr. Tanaka).
今日は春らしい暖かい日ですね。
きょうははるらしいあたたかいひですね。
Today is a warm day, just like spring should be.
Structure
Noun + らしい (no の, no だ). It changes like an い-adjective: らしい + noun (春らしい天気), らしくない (negative), らしかった (past), らしく + verb (自分らしく生きる). The same noun is sometimes repeated: 先生らしい先生.
Examples
8
会議に遅れるなんて、田中さんらしくないですね。
かいぎにおくれるなんて、たなかさんらしくないですね。
Being late for a meeting is not like Mr. Tanaka, is it?
あの子は、よく笑ってよく遊ぶ、子どもらしい子どもだ。
あのこは、よくわらってよくあそぶ、こどもらしいこどもだ。
That child laughs a lot and plays a lot; she is just what a child should be.
今年の夏は涼しくて、夏らしい日が少なかった。
ことしのなつはすずしくて、なつらしいひがすくなかった。
This summer was cool, and there were few days that felt like real summer.
これからは、自分らしく生きたいと思っています。
これからは、じぶんらしくいきたいとおもっています。
From now on, I want to live in a way that is true to myself.
この明るい絵、リンさんらしいと思わない?
このあかるいえ、リンさんらしいとおもわない?
This bright picture is so like Linh, don't you think?
山田先生はいつも丁寧に教えてくれる。本当に先生らしい先生だ。
やまだせんせいはいつもていねいにおしえてくれる。ほんとうにせんせいらしいせんせいだ。
Ms. Yamada always teaches us carefully. She is truly what a teacher should be.
今日の試合では、彼らしいプレーが見られませんでした。
きょうのしあいでは、かれらしいプレーがみられませんでした。
In today's game, we couldn't see the kind of play that is typical of him.
Common mistakes
3
- Using らしい for someone who is not really that noun. For an adult who acts like a child: ✕ 兄は30歳なのに子どもらしい → ○ 兄は30歳なのに子どもっぽい / 子どものようだ. With this 'typical' meaning, 子どもらしい is said about a real child.
- Making the negative in the wrong way. ✕ 田中さんらしいくない ✕ 田中さんらしいない → ○ 田中さんらしくない. らしい changes like an い-adjective: drop the last い and add くない.
- Adding の between the noun and らしい. ✕ 春のらしい天気 ✕ 学生のらしい服 → ○ 春らしい天気 ○ 学生らしい服.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- 〜らしい (apparently / I hear that)
- The N4 らしい follows a plain-form sentence and shows a guess from what you heard: あの人は学生らしい (Apparently that person is a student — I am not sure). The 'typical' らしい follows only a noun, and there is no doubt about what the person is: あの人は学生らしい服を着ている (That person wears clothes that suit a student). 〜らしくない is almost always the 'typical' meaning; for the hearsay meaning, the negative comes before らしい (学生じゃないらしい). 〜らしい + noun is usually the 'typical' meaning too, but it can also be a guess when the speaker is not sure who the person is: 駅で田中さんらしい人を見た (I saw someone at the station who seemed to be Mr. Tanaka).
- 〜っぽい (-ish, looks or acts like)
- Noun + らしい is about someone who really is that noun, and it is usually praise: 7歳の妹は子どもらしくてかわいい (My seven-year-old sister is sweet, just as a child should be). Noun + っぽい is often about someone who is not that noun but seems like it, and it is often negative: 父は大人なのに、ときどき子どもっぽいことを言う (My father is an adult, but he sometimes says childish things).
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N3 grammar-choice questions, 〜らしい is set against 〜っぽい, 〜のような, and 〜みたいな. Ask yourself: is the person or thing really that noun? If yes and the tone is positive, choose らしい. The forms らしくない and らしく + verb are also tested, so remember that it changes like an い-adjective. In reading, noun + らしくない almost always means 'not typical of'. Noun + らしい + noun usually means 'typical of' too, but check the context: in 駅で田中さんらしい人を見た, the speaker is not sure, so it is a guess ('someone who seemed to be Mr. Tanaka').
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the form that fits the blank: いつも元気な山田さんが、今日は何も話さない。今日の山田さんは、山田さん__。
いつもげんきなやまださんが、きょうはなにもはなさない。きょうのやまださんは、やまださん__。
In which sentence does らしい mean 'typical of', not 'apparently / I hear that'?
Mr. Sato is 40 years old, but he gets angry about small things like a little child, and his coworkers are troubled. Which sentence describes him correctly?
Your progress
Answer one question and this starts counting.
Start with a grammar pointSave or load your progress (this browser only)
Progress and your review deck live in this browser only. Save a file to keep a copy, or load one to bring them back.