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JLPT N5

〜へ(方向)

へ: to / toward (direction of movement)

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へ shows the direction or the place that someone moves toward. At N5 it is used mostly with 行きます (go), 来ます (come) and 帰ります (return). With these verbs you can also use に, and the meaning is almost the same.

§1Structure

Place noun + へ + verb of movement (行きます, 来ます, 帰ります). The question word is どこへ. As a particle, へ is written へ but pronounced 'e'. 'Nowhere' is どこ(へ)も + negative verb: どこへも行きません.

§2Examples

  • あした京都へ行きます。

    あしたきょうとへいきます。

    I'm going to Kyoto tomorrow.

  • 来月、国へ帰ります。

    らいげつ、くにへかえります。

    I'm going back to my country next month.

  • リンさんは去年日本へ来ました。

    リンさんはきょねんにほんへきました。

    Ms. Linh came to Japan last year.

  • きのうはどこへ行きましたか。

    きのうはどこへいきましたか。

    Where did you go yesterday?

  • 今日は学校へ行きません。

    きょうはがっこうへいきません。

    I'm not going to school today.

  • 日曜日はどこへも行きませんでした。

    にちようびはどこへもいきませんでした。

    I didn't go anywhere on Sunday.

  • 父は毎日8時に会社へ行きます。

    ちちはまいにちはちじにかいしゃへいきます。

    My father goes to the office at 8 every day.

  • 週末、友だちと海へ行く。

    しゅうまつ、ともだちとうみへいく。

    I'm going to the sea with a friend this weekend. (plain style)

§3Common mistakes

  • Writing the particle as え because it sounds like 'e': 学校え行きます is wrong. The particle is always written へ: 学校へ行きます. In the same way, do not read it as 'he' when it is a particle.
  • Using へ for the place where an action happens: 図書館へ勉強します is wrong. へ is for movement toward a place. The place where you do something takes で: 図書館で勉強します. You can say 図書館へ行きます and then 図書館で勉強します.
  • Using を for the destination, because 'go to school' looks like verb + object: 学校を行きます is wrong. A destination takes へ or に: 学校へ行きます.

§4How it's different from similar grammar

〜に (place, destination, person)
With 行きます, 来ます and 帰ります, へ and に can both be used: 東京へ行きます and 東京に行きます are both correct. へ puts a little more weight on the direction, and に on the place you arrive at. But に has other jobs that へ does not have: the place where something exists (部屋に猫がいます) and the person you meet (友だちに会います). In these sentences you cannot use へ.
〜まで (as far as)
へ only shows where you are heading: 駅へ行きます (I'm going to the station). まで shows the end point of the trip, so it often appears with から or with how you travel: うちから駅まで歩きます (I walk from home as far as the station).

§5How this shows up on the JLPT

N5 particle questions often give a place and a movement verb, such as 来週、大阪__行きます, with choices like へ, で, を and が. Check the verb first: 行きます, 来ます and 帰ります take へ (or に), while action verbs such as 食べます and 勉強します take で for the place. Because both へ and に are correct for a destination, you will not normally find both of them among the choices for the same blank. In reading passages, remember that a へ after a place name is the particle, read 'e'.

§6Quick check (3 questions)

  • 1. Choose the particle that fits the blank: 夏休みに国__帰ります。

    なつやすみにくに__かえります。

  • 2. Which sentence uses へ correctly?

  • 3. In which sentence can に be changed to へ?