〜たとたん(に)
たとたん(に)
the moment ... / as soon as (something unexpected happened)
A たとたん、B means that B happened at almost the same moment as A finished. B is a sudden change or event, and the sentence carries the speaker's surprise. Because B is something the speaker noticed, not something the speaker chose to do, the main clause is not a plan, a request or an order. The pattern is used for things that have really happened, so the sentence usually ends in the past.
ドアを開けたとたん、猫が外に飛び出しました。
ドアをあけたとたん、ねこがそとにとびだしました。
The moment I opened the door, the cat ran outside.
Structure
Verb た-form + とたん(に). Only the た-form of a verb comes before とたん, and に can be left out. The main clause is an event that really happened right after the first action, and it is something the speaker did not plan or expect.
Examples
8
立ち上がったとたんに、目の前が暗くなった。
たちあがったとたんに、めのまえがくらくなった。
The moment I stood up, everything went dark before my eyes.
家を出たとたん、雨が降り出した。
いえをでたとたん、あめがふりだした。
The moment I left the house, it started to rain.
母の顔を見たとたん、涙が出てきました。
ははのかおをみたとたん、なみだがでてきました。
The moment I saw my mother's face, tears came to my eyes.
薬を飲んだとたんに、眠くなったんですか。
くすりをのんだとたんに、ねむくなったんですか。
Did you get sleepy the moment you took the medicine?
先生が教室に入ってきたとたん、みんな静かになった。
せんせいがきょうしつにはいってきたとたん、みんなしずかになった。
The moment the teacher came into the classroom, everyone became quiet.
試験が始まったとたん、覚えたことが何も思い出せなくなった。
しけんがはじまったとたん、おぼえたことがなにもおもいだせなくなった。
The moment the exam started, I could not remember anything I had learned.
電車を降りたとたんに、かさを忘れたことに気がつきました。
でんしゃをおりたとたんに、かさをわすれたことにきがつきました。
The moment I got off the train, I noticed that I had forgotten my umbrella.
Common mistakes
3
- Using a form other than the た-form: 開けるとたん and 開けてとたん are wrong. The first action has just finished, so it is always 開けたとたん.
- Putting your own planned action in the main clause. 家に帰ったとたん、シャワーを浴びました sounds wrong, because taking a shower is something you decided to do. Say 家に帰ってすぐ、シャワーを浴びました. とたん needs something that happened by itself, such as 電話が鳴った.
- Using it for a future plan or a request. 駅に着いたとたん、電話します and 駅に着いたとたん、電話してください are wrong, because とたん describes a surprise that has already happened. Use たら + すぐ: 駅に着いたらすぐ電話します.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- たら / と (when I did ..., I found ...)
- たら and と can also introduce something you found or something that happened after an action, but they do not say that it was sudden or immediate: 箱を開けたら、古い写真が入っていた (When I opened the box, there were old photos in it). たとたん adds 'at that very moment' and the speaker's surprise at a sudden change: 箱を開けたとたん、変なにおいがした (The moment I opened the box, there was a strange smell).
- たら + すぐ (as soon as, for plans and requests)
- For 'as soon as' about the future, or when you ask someone to do something, use たら, often with すぐ: 仕事が終わったら、すぐ帰ります (I'll go home as soon as work is over). たとたん cannot be used in these sentences. It only reports a sudden event that has really happened: 仕事が終わったとたん、疲れが出た (The moment work was over, I suddenly felt tired).
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N3 grammar questions, check two things. First, the form before とたん is always the た-form. Second, the main clause is a sudden event, not an action the speaker decided to do, a request or a plan; wrong choices often end in 〜てください, 〜ましょう or 〜つもりだ. It is often tested against たら, てから and ところ. In sentence-building questions, た + とたん + (に) stay together.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the word that fits the blank: ベッドに__とたん、眠ってしまった。
ベッドに__とたん、ねむってしまった。
Which sentence uses とたん correctly?
What does 「電話を切ったとたん、また電話が鳴った。」 mean?
でんわをきったとたん、またでんわがなった。
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