けれども, けれど and けど join two sentences and mean 'but' or 'although'. They are the spoken partners of が. Like が, they also have a second use: a soft introduction before a question or a request (すみませんけど、…), where there is no real contrast. In conversation, a sentence often stops at 〜けど… to sound soft and let the listener guess the rest.
§1Structure
Sentence 1 + けれども/けれど/けど、sentence 2. Sentence 1 can be in the polite form (高いですけど, 飲みましたけれど) or in the plain form (高いけど, 飲んだけど). In the plain form, な-adjectives and nouns need だ: 上手だけど, 休みだけど (past: 休みだったけど). けれども is the most formal, けれど is in the middle, and けど is the most casual. With friends, plain form + けど is usual.
§2Examples
このアパートは古いけど、駅に近い。
このアパートはふるいけど、えきにちかい。
This apartment is old, but it's close to the station.
薬を飲みましたけれど、まだ熱が下がりません。
くすりをのみましたけれど、まだねつがさがりません。
I took medicine, but my fever hasn't gone down yet.
日本語は難しいですけど、おもしろいです。
にほんごはむずかしいですけど、おもしろいです。
Japanese is difficult, but it's interesting.
兄は料理が上手だけど、あまり作らない。
あにはりょうりがじょうずだけど、あまりつくらない。
My older brother is good at cooking, but he doesn't cook much.
きのうは休みだったけど、どこへも行かなかった。
きのうはやすみだったけど、どこへもいかなかった。
Yesterday was a day off, but I didn't go anywhere.
すみませんけど、もう一度言ってくれませんか。
すみませんけど、もういちどいってくれませんか。
Excuse me, but could you say that once more?
映画のチケットが2枚あるんだけど、一緒に行かない?
えいがのチケットがにまいあるんだけど、いっしょにいかない?
I have two movie tickets. Do you want to go together?
もしもし、田中ですけれども、リンさんはいらっしゃいますか。
もしもし、たなかですけれども、リンさんはいらっしゃいますか。
Hello, this is Tanaka. Is Linh there?
§3Common mistakes
- Attaching けど directly to a な-adjective or a noun: ✗ この町は静かけど、不便です, ✗ 今日は日曜日けど、働きます. けど follows a complete sentence, so だ (plain) or です (polite) is necessary: ○ 静かだけど/静かですけど, ○ 日曜日だけど/日曜日ですけど. After an い-adjective, だ is not added: ✗ 高いだけど → ○ 高いけど.
- Using けど in formal writing such as a composition, a report or a business e-mail. けど is a casual spoken word. In writing, が is the usual choice, and けれども is possible in polite speech: この方法は簡単だが、時間がかかる.
- Always translating けど as 'but'. In ちょっとお聞きしたいんですけど… or 田中ですけど, there is no contrast: けど only prepares the listener, and the speaker may stop there on purpose. Do not wait for an opposite idea; the unfinished 〜けど… is a soft way to ask or to refuse.
§4How it's different from similar grammar
- 〜が (but; soft introduction)
- The meaning and the two uses (contrast and soft introduction) are the same. The difference is the style. が sounds a little formal and is common in polite speech and in writing: 値段は高いですが、品物はいいです. けど is the everyday spoken choice, and with friends it follows the plain form: 値段は高いけど、品物はいいよ. けれども is between the two: polite, but softer than が.
- 〜のに (even though)
- けど simply puts two facts in contrast, and the second part can be anything, including a suggestion or your own decision: 少し高いけど、これを買いましょう (It's a little expensive, but let's buy this one). のに adds surprise or complaint about a result you did not expect, and it is not followed by a suggestion: 高かったのに、すぐ壊れました (Even though it was expensive, it broke right away).
§5How this shows up on the JLPT
In N4 grammar questions, けれど/けど stands next to ので, から, のに and し, so decide first whether the two halves agree (reason) or are in contrast (but). Connection is also tested: 名詞/な形容詞 + だ + けど. In the listening section, notice the soft-introduction use (〜んですけど、…) and sentences that stop at 〜けど…: the speaker is usually asking for something or refusing politely, and the question asks what the speaker really wants.
§6Quick check (3 questions)
1. Choose the word that fits the blank: ゆうべはたくさん寝た__、まだ眠いです。
ゆうべはたくさんねた__、まだねむいです。
2. In which sentence is けど a soft introduction, not 'but'?
3. Which sentence is correct?