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JLPT N4

〜けれど(も)/〜けど

けれども/けど

but / although

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けれども, けれど and けど join two sentences and mean 'but' or 'although'. They are the spoken partners of が. Like が, they also have a second use: a soft introduction before a question or a request (すみませんけど、…), where there is no real contrast. In conversation, a sentence often stops at 〜けど… to sound soft and let the listener guess the rest.

§1Structure

Sentence 1 + けれども/けれど/けど、sentence 2. Sentence 1 can be in the polite form (高いですけど, 飲みましたけれど) or in the plain form (高いけど, 飲んだけど). In the plain form, な-adjectives and nouns need だ: 上手だけど, 休みだけど (past: 休みだったけど). けれども is the most formal, けれど is in the middle, and けど is the most casual. With friends, plain form + けど is usual.

§2Examples

  • このアパートは古いけど、駅に近い。

    このアパートはふるいけど、えきにちかい。

    This apartment is old, but it's close to the station.

  • 薬を飲みましたけれど、まだ熱が下がりません。

    くすりをのみましたけれど、まだねつがさがりません。

    I took medicine, but my fever hasn't gone down yet.

  • 日本語は難しいですけど、おもしろいです。

    にほんごはむずかしいですけど、おもしろいです。

    Japanese is difficult, but it's interesting.

  • 兄は料理が上手だけど、あまり作らない。

    あにはりょうりがじょうずだけど、あまりつくらない。

    My older brother is good at cooking, but he doesn't cook much.

  • きのうは休みだったけど、どこへも行かなかった。

    きのうはやすみだったけど、どこへもいかなかった。

    Yesterday was a day off, but I didn't go anywhere.

  • すみませんけど、もう一度言ってくれませんか。

    すみませんけど、もういちどいってくれませんか。

    Excuse me, but could you say that once more?

  • 映画のチケットが2枚あるんだけど、一緒に行かない?

    えいがのチケットがにまいあるんだけど、いっしょにいかない?

    I have two movie tickets. Do you want to go together?

  • もしもし、田中ですけれども、リンさんはいらっしゃいますか。

    もしもし、たなかですけれども、リンさんはいらっしゃいますか。

    Hello, this is Tanaka. Is Linh there?

§3Common mistakes

  • Attaching けど directly to a な-adjective or a noun: ✗ この町は静かけど、不便です, ✗ 今日は日曜日けど、働きます. けど follows a complete sentence, so だ (plain) or です (polite) is necessary: ○ 静かだけど/静かですけど, ○ 日曜日だけど/日曜日ですけど. After an い-adjective, だ is not added: ✗ 高いだけど → ○ 高いけど.
  • Using けど in formal writing such as a composition, a report or a business e-mail. けど is a casual spoken word. In writing, が is the usual choice, and けれども is possible in polite speech: この方法は簡単だが、時間がかかる.
  • Always translating けど as 'but'. In ちょっとお聞きしたいんですけど… or 田中ですけど, there is no contrast: けど only prepares the listener, and the speaker may stop there on purpose. Do not wait for an opposite idea; the unfinished 〜けど… is a soft way to ask or to refuse.

§4How it's different from similar grammar

〜が (but; soft introduction)
The meaning and the two uses (contrast and soft introduction) are the same. The difference is the style. が sounds a little formal and is common in polite speech and in writing: 値段は高いですが、品物はいいです. けど is the everyday spoken choice, and with friends it follows the plain form: 値段は高いけど、品物はいいよ. けれども is between the two: polite, but softer than が.
〜のに (even though)
けど simply puts two facts in contrast, and the second part can be anything, including a suggestion or your own decision: 少し高いけど、これを買いましょう (It's a little expensive, but let's buy this one). のに adds surprise or complaint about a result you did not expect, and it is not followed by a suggestion: 高かったのに、すぐ壊れました (Even though it was expensive, it broke right away).

§5How this shows up on the JLPT

In N4 grammar questions, けれど/けど stands next to ので, から, のに and し, so decide first whether the two halves agree (reason) or are in contrast (but). Connection is also tested: 名詞/な形容詞 + だ + けど. In the listening section, notice the soft-introduction use (〜んですけど、…) and sentences that stop at 〜けど…: the speaker is usually asking for something or refusing politely, and the question asks what the speaker really wants.

§6Quick check (3 questions)

  • 1. Choose the word that fits the blank: ゆうべはたくさん寝た__、まだ眠いです。

    ゆうべはたくさんねた__、まだねむいです。

  • 2. In which sentence is けど a soft introduction, not 'but'?

  • 3. Which sentence is correct?