〜かわりに
かわりに
Instead of / in exchange for
〜かわりに has two main uses. First, 'instead of': you do or use B, not A (coffee → tea, going out → reading at home). Second, 'in exchange for / to make up for': one thing is balanced by another, as in 'I teach you English, and in return you teach me Japanese'. With adjectives, it often means a thing has one good point and one bad point: 'far from the station, but cheap'.
今日は、コーヒーのかわりに紅茶を飲みました。
きょうは、コーヒーのかわりにこうちゃをのみました。
Today I drank tea instead of coffee.
Structure
Noun + の + かわりに (父のかわりに). Verb plain form (dictionary or た-form) + かわりに (出かけるかわりに, 休んだかわりに). い-adjective + かわりに (安いかわりに). な-adjective + な + かわりに (便利なかわりに). Often written 代わりに.
Examples
8
週末は出かけるかわりに、家でゆっくり本を読んだ。
しゅうまつはでかけるかわりに、いえでゆっくりほんをよんだ。
Instead of going out on the weekend, I relaxed at home and read a book.
英語を教えるかわりに、日本語を教えてもらっています。
えいごをおしえるかわりに、にほんごをおしえてもらっています。
I teach English, and in exchange I'm being taught Japanese.
このアパートは駅から遠いかわりに、家賃が安い。
このアパートはえきからとおいかわりに、やちんがやすい。
This apartment is far from the station, but to make up for it, the rent is cheap.
新しいスマホは便利なかわりに、値段が高いです。
あたらしいスマホはべんりなかわりに、ねだんがたかいです。
New smartphones are convenient, but on the other hand they are expensive.
私のかわりに、明日の会議に出てもらえませんか。
わたしのかわりに、あしたのかいぎにでてもらえませんか。
Could you attend tomorrow's meeting in my place?
この仕事は給料が高くないかわりに、休みが多いです。
このしごとはきゅうりょうがたかくないかわりに、やすみがおおいです。
This job doesn't pay much, but in return it has a lot of days off.
昨日早く帰ったかわりに、今日は遅くまで働いた。
きのうはやくかえったかわりに、きょうはおそくまではたらいた。
To make up for going home early yesterday, I worked late today.
Common mistakes
3
- Forgetting の after a noun. ✗ 父かわりに、兄が来た → ✓ 父のかわりに、兄が来た (My brother came instead of my father). A noun always needs の before かわりに.
- Wrong form with な-adjectives. ✗ 有名かわりに / ✗ 有名のかわりに → ✓ 有名なかわりに. な-adjectives take な before かわりに, the same as before a noun.
- Using かわりに for a simple contrast between two different people or things. ✗ 兄は背が高いかわりに、弟は低い → ✓ 兄は背が高いが、弟は低い. With adjectives, かわりに is for one thing that has a good point and a bad point that balance each other.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- 〜にかわって (in place of, formal)
- After a noun, both can mean 'in place of': 先生のかわりに学生が説明した and 先生に代わって学生が説明した (A student explained in place of the teacher). にかわって is more formal and only follows nouns, with no の. かわりに is more common in daily talk, can follow verbs and adjectives, and also has the 'in exchange' meaning, which にかわって does not have.
- 〜ないで (without doing / instead of doing)
- 〜ないで simply says that you did not do A and did B: バスに乗らないで歩いた (I walked without taking the bus). 〜かわりに puts A and B side by side as a swap: バスに乗るかわりに歩いた (I walked instead of taking the bus). The meaning is close, but かわりに stresses that B replaces A, and it can also mean 'in exchange', which ないで cannot.
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N3 grammar-choice questions, check the form before かわりに: Noun + の, な-adjective + な, and verbs or い-adjectives directly. In meaning questions, decide whether it is 'instead of' or 'in exchange for' from the second half of the sentence (〜てもらう, a good point after a bad point). In reading passages, the conjunction その代わり(に) at the start of a sentence often introduces the 'in return' part.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the words that fit the blank: 電車が止まっていたので、電車の__バスで帰った。
でんしゃがとまっていたので、でんしゃの__バスでかえった。
Which sentence is correct?
In which sentence does かわりに mean 'in exchange for'?
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