〜は(主題)
は
Topic marker は (wa): 'as for ...'
は shows the topic of the sentence: the thing you are going to talk about. The important information comes after は. The topic is usually something the listener already knows or can see. Once the topic is clear, Japanese speakers usually do not repeat it in the next sentences.
わたしはリンです。
わたしはリンです。
I am Linh.
Structure
Noun + は + what you want to say about it. This particle is written は but read 'wa'. When the topic is the subject or the object of the sentence, は takes the place of が or を (この本はきのう買いました). Time words can also be the topic (きょうは, あしたは).
Examples
8
田中さんは会社員です。
たなかさんはかいしゃいんです。
Mr. Tanaka is an office worker.
きょうは日曜日じゃありません。
きょうはにちようびじゃありません。
Today is not Sunday.
トイレはどこですか。
トイレはどこですか。
Where is the restroom?
きのうは雨でした。
きのうはあめでした。
Yesterday was rainy.
この本はきのう買いました。
このほんはきのうかいました。
I bought this book yesterday. (As for this book, I bought it yesterday.)
あしたは学校へ行きません。
あしたはがっこうへいきません。
I am not going to school tomorrow.
父は医者だ。
ちちはいしゃだ。
My father is a doctor. (plain style)
Common mistakes
3
- Writing the particle as わ because it sounds like 'wa'. ✗ わたしわ学生です → ✓ わたしは学生です. The topic particle is always written は.
- Putting は after a question word that is the subject. ✗ だれは来ましたか → ✓ だれが来ましたか. You are asking for new information, so the question word takes が, and the answer also uses が: 田中さんが来ました.
- Repeating わたしは in every sentence, as in English or Vietnamese. わたしはリンです。わたしは学生です。わたしはベトナムから来ました。 is not wrong grammar, but it sounds unnatural. Say the topic once: わたしはリンです。学生です。ベトナムから来ました。
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- が (subject marker)
- With は, the topic is already known and the new information comes after it: 田中さんは来ましたか (Did Mr. Tanaka come?) — はい、来ました. With が, the subject itself is the new or important information, for example the answer to a 'who' or 'what' question: だれが来ましたか (Who came?) — 田中さんが来ました (Mr. Tanaka came).
- は (contrast)
- Topic は simply says what the sentence is about: わたしはコーヒーを飲みます (I drink coffee). Contrast は puts two things side by side and shows that they are different: コーヒーは飲みますが、お茶は飲みません (I drink coffee, but I don't drink tea). The form is the same; the meaning comes from the context.
How this shows up on the JLPT
In N5 grammar Part 1 (choose the right form), you often have to pick one particle from は, が, を and に. Remember two points: a question word as the subject takes が, and the thing you are describing with 〜です usually takes は. In Part 2 (sentence building with ★), は comes right after the topic noun, usually near the start of the sentence. In reading passages, the topic is often left out after the first sentence, so keep track of who or what each sentence is about.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the particle that fits the blank: 兄__大学生です。
あに__だいがくせいです。
Choose the particle that fits the blank. A: どの電車__東京へ行きますか。 B: あの青い電車です。
どのでんしゃ__とうきょうへいきますか。 あのあおいでんしゃです。
Which sentence is correct?
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