〜てはいけない
てはいけない
Must not / not allowed to
Expresses prohibition — something that is not allowed.
ここでたばこを吸ってはいけません。
ここでたばこをすってはいけません。
You must not smoke here.
Structure
Verb て-form + はいけない
Examples
6
授業中に寝てはいけない。
じゅぎょうちゅうにねてはいけない。
You must not sleep during class.
すみません、ここに座ってはいけませんか。
すみません、ここにすわってはいけませんか。
Excuse me, am I not allowed to sit here?
子供の頃は、夜9時より遅くまでテレビを見てはいけませんでした。
こどものころは、よるくじよりおそくまでテレビをみてはいけませんでした。
When I was a child, I wasn't allowed to watch TV later than 9pm.
この部屋に入ってはいけません。危ないですから。
このへやにはいってはいけません。あぶないですから。
You must not enter this room. It's dangerous.
ここに車を止めてはいけないよ。
ここにくるまをとめてはいけないよ。
You can't park your car here, you know.
Common mistakes
3
- Confusing てはいけない (prohibition: must NOT do X, from the affirmative て-form) with なくてはいけない (obligation: MUST do X, from the negative ない-form + くて) — the presence of ない right before くては is the key difference.
- Attaching はいけない directly to the dictionary form instead of the て-form (incorrect: ここで吸うはいけません; correct: ここで吸ってはいけません).
- Using the strong てはいけない in casual, polite requests to strangers or acquaintances where ないでください sounds softer and more appropriate — てはいけない tends to sound like a rule from an authority figure (teacher, parent, sign) rather than a personal request.
How it's different from similar grammar
2
- 〜ないでください (please don't)
- ないでください is a direct, personal request asking the listener not to do something right now, and sounds a bit softer: ここでたばこを吸わないでください (Please don't smoke here). てはいけない states a general rule or prohibition, often impersonal (on signs, or from a teacher/parent to a group), and can sound stronger or more authoritative: ここでたばこを吸ってはいけません (You must not smoke here — as a rule).
- 〜なくてはいけない (must)
- てはいけない (affirmative て-form + はいけない) expresses prohibition — something you must NOT do: 出かけてはいけません (You must not go out). なくてはいけない (negative ない-form + くてはいけない) expresses the opposite: obligation — something you MUST do: 宿題を出さなくてはいけません (You must submit your homework). They look similar but mean opposite things.
How this shows up on the JLPT
N4 grammar and reading sections test てはいけない in the context of rules and signs, and often contrast it with なくてはいけない (obligation) and てもいい (permission) in the same set of answer choices.
Quick check (3 questions)
Choose the sentence that correctly says 'You must not touch this machine.'
Choose the word that fits the blank: 医者「毎日、必ず薬を__よ。」(Doctor: 'You must always take the medicine every day.')
いしゃ「まいにち、かならずくすりを__よ。」
A sign in the library says「ここで大声で話してはいけません。」What does this mean?
「ここでおおごえではなしてはいけません。」
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