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JLPT N3Point 12 of 169 in N3

〜(ら)れる(自発)

られる

spontaneous: naturally come to think / feel / remember

The spontaneous use of 〜(ら)れる shows that a thought or a feeling comes up naturally, by itself, without the person trying. 昔のことが思い出される means 'memories of the past come back to me (I cannot help it)'. 〜と思われる and 〜と考えられる are common in news, reports, and essays: they give an opinion in a soft and objective way, as a conclusion that anyone would naturally reach. This use belongs mostly to written or formal language.

この写真を見ると、子どものころのことが思い出されます。

このしゃしんをみると、こどものころのことがおもいだされます。

When I look at this photo, memories of my childhood come back to me.

Structure

The form is the same as the passive form, but it is used only with a small group of verbs of thinking and feeling: 思う → 思われる, 考える → 考えられる, 感じる → 感じられる, 思い出す → 思い出される. Common patterns: plain form + と思われる / と考えられる; thing + が + 思い出される / 感じられる; い-adjective 〜く / な-adjective 〜に + 感じられる (さびしく感じられる). The thing that comes to mind takes が, not を. The person who feels it is usually not said; if needed, it is 私には.

Examples

7
  • 秋になると、夕方が少しさびしく感じられる。

    あきになると、ゆうがたがすこしさびしくかんじられる。

    When autumn comes, the evenings somehow feel a little lonely.

  • 今年の冬は、去年より寒くなると思われます。

    ことしのふゆは、きょねんよりさむくなるとおもわれます。

    It is thought that this winter will be colder than last year.

  • 事故の原因は、スピードの出しすぎだと考えられる。

    じこのげんいんは、スピードのだしすぎだとかんがえられる。

    The cause of the accident is thought to be excessive speed.

  • この問題がすぐに解決するとは思われない。

    このもんだいがすぐにかいけつするとはおもわれない。

    It does not seem likely that this problem will be solved soon.

  • ふるさとの料理を食べると、どんなことが思い出されますか。

    ふるさとのりょうりをたべると、どんなことがおもいだされますか。

    When you eat the food of your hometown, what memories come back to you?

  • 初めてこの町に来たとき、人々がとても親切に感じられた。

    はじめてこのまちにきたとき、ひとびとがとてもしんせつにかんじられた。

    When I first came to this town, the people felt very kind to me.

Common mistakes

3
  • Marking the thing that comes to mind with を. ✗ この歌を聞くと、私には学生のころを思い出される。 → ○ この歌を聞くと、私には学生のころが思い出される。 In the spontaneous use, the memory or feeling comes up by itself, so it takes が. (With を, use the plain verb: 学生のころを思い出す.)
  • Trying to use it with any verb. ✗ 疲れていたので、つい寝られた。 (to mean 'I fell asleep without meaning to') → ○ 疲れていたので、つい寝てしまった。 The spontaneous use is limited to verbs of thinking and feeling such as 思う, 考える, 感じる, and 思い出す. For other verbs, 〜てしまう is the usual way to say that something happened without your will.
  • Reading 〜と思われる as a passive when there is no 'by someone'. 私は田中さんに変な人だと思われた is a passive ('I was thought to be strange by Mr. Tanaka'). 今年の夏は暑くなると思われる has no person + に, and it means 'it seems / it is thought that ...'; it is the writer's own soft judgment.

How it's different from similar grammar

2
〜と思います (I think that)
〜と思います clearly gives the speaker's own opinion and is normal in conversation: この計画は難しいと思います (I think this plan is difficult). 〜と思われます makes the opinion sound softer and more objective, as if the facts naturally lead to it: この計画は難しいと思われます (This plan appears to be difficult). It is used in reports, news, and essays, and sounds too stiff in everyday talk.
passive form (be done by someone)
The forms are the same, so look at the verb and the sentence pattern. The passive can be made from many verbs and often has 'person + に' as the doer: 弟に日記を読まれた (My diary was read by my brother). The spontaneous use has no doer, is limited to verbs of thinking and feeling, and the thing takes が: 母の手紙を読むと、母のやさしさが感じられる (When I read my mother's letter, I can feel her kindness).

How this shows up on the JLPT

In N3 grammar questions, this use appears mainly as 〜と思われる / 〜と考えられる at the end of a sentence, or as 〜が思い出される with a particle blank (が, not を). Because (ら)れる has four uses (passive, potential, respect, spontaneous), some questions ask you to find the sentence with the same use. In reading passages, 〜と思われる and 〜と考えられている mark the writer's judgment or a general view, not a proven fact, which is important for 'What does the writer think?' questions.

Quick check (3 questions)

0 of 3 answered
  1. Choose the best particle for the blank: この駅に来ると、私には初めて日本に着いた日のこと__思い出される。

    このえきにくると、わたしにははじめてにほんについたひのこと__おもいだされる。

  2. In which sentence is 〜(ら)れる used in the spontaneous meaning (a thought or feeling comes up naturally)?

  3. In a report, a writer uses 「〜と思われる」 instead of 「〜と思う」. What is the effect?

    〜とおもわれる / 〜とおもう

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N3 · 12 / 169