This pattern takes one part out of an ordinary sentence and puts it at the end to stress it. わたしは北海道で生まれました (I was born in Hokkaido) becomes わたしが生まれたのは北海道です (The place where I was born is Hokkaido). The clause before のは is information that the listener already knows or can guess, and the word before です is the new, important information. It is often used to correct a misunderstanding or to answer a question with だれ, どこ or いつ.
§1Structure
[clause in the plain form] + のは + [the word you want to stress] + だ / です. Verb plain form + のは (生まれたのは, 始まるのは). い-adjective + のは (ほしいのは). な-adjective + な + のは (大切なのは). The stressed word is a noun (a person, thing, place, time, reason and so on). Its particle が or を is dropped before だ / です; から and まで can stay (10時からです). The subject inside the のは-clause takes が, not は.
§2Examples
わたしが生まれたのは北海道です。
わたしがうまれたのはほっかいどうです。
The place where I was born is Hokkaido.
このケーキを作ったのは妹です。
このケーキをつくったのはいもうとです。
The one who made this cake is my younger sister.
日本へ来たのは去年の4月です。
にほんへきたのはきょねんのしがつです。
It was in April last year that I came to Japan.
いちばん大切なのは、毎日続けることです。
いちばんたいせつなのは、まいにちつづけることです。
The most important thing is to keep going every day.
きのう休んだのは田中さんじゃありません。リンさんです。
きのうやすんだのはたなかさんじゃありません。リンさんです。
The person who was absent yesterday is not Mr. Tanaka. It is Linh.
窓ガラスを割ったのはだれですか。
まどガラスをわったのはだれですか。
Who is it that broke the window?
会議が始まるのは10時からだ。
かいぎがはじまるのはじゅうじからだ。
It is from ten o'clock that the meeting starts.
今いちばんほしいのは、長い休みです。
いまいちばんほしいのは、ながいやすみです。
What I want most now is a long vacation.
§3Common mistakes
- Using は for the subject inside the clause. ✕ わたしは生まれたのは北海道です → ○ わたしが生まれたのは北海道です. The clause before のは works like a clause that modifies a noun, so its subject takes が (or の).
- Using the polite form or だ before のは. ✕ 日本へ来ましたのは去年です → ○ 日本へ来たのは去年です. ✕ 大切だのは気持ちです → ○ 大切なのは気持ちです. Politeness is shown only at the end of the sentence with です.
- Using ことは instead of のは. ✕ わたしが生まれたことは北海道です → ○ わたしが生まれたのは北海道です. In this pattern の stands for a person, thing, place or time (= 生まれた所は), and こと cannot do that.
§4How it's different from similar grammar
- Nominalizer の (doing ... is ~)
- With the nominalizer, the words after のは describe the action itself, usually with an adjective: 外国で働くのは大変です (Working abroad is hard). In the emphasis pattern, the word after のは is a noun that was part of the clause, such as the person, place or time, and the sentence identifies it: 外国で働いているのは兄です (The one who works abroad is my older brother). A quick test: if you can move the last noun back into the clause and get a normal sentence (兄が外国で働いています), it is the emphasis pattern.
- 〜のは〜からだ (the reason ... is because ...)
- 〜のは〜からだ is a special case of the same pattern in which the stressed part is a reason, so a plain-form clause + から comes before だ / です: きのう休んだのは、熱があったからです (The reason I was absent yesterday is that I had a fever). In the basic N4 pattern, the stressed part is a noun: きのう休んだのは3人です (It was three people who were absent yesterday).
§5How this shows up on the JLPT
This pattern is a favorite in sentence-ordering questions, where the star often falls on のは or on the noun just before です. Build the clause first, put のは after the plain-form verb, and put the stressed noun last. In grammar-form questions, the blank is often のは, with のが, のを, ことは and ものは as wrong choices, or it tests the form before it (来た, not 来ました; 大切な, not 大切だ). In reading passages, the word right before です in this pattern is the writer's main point, so it is often the answer to a 'who / where / when' question.
§6Quick check (3 questions)
1. Choose the best form for the blank: この写真を__のは父です。
このしゃしんを__のはちちです。
2. Which sentence stresses WHERE the speaker bought the bag?
3. Which sentence is grammatically correct?